Dementia

As people age, there is some decline is short-term memory. However, when memory becomes so poor that there is an impact on the activities of daily living, it is no longer simple forgetfulness but may be dementia. The most common causes of dementia are cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease. In Alzheimer disease, build-up of abnormal proteins damages brain cells. In cerebrovascular disease, low blood flow to the brain damages brain cells. While there is no cure for dementia, there are several medications that may be helpful in slowing the progression of disease.

The medications that are currently approved for dementia have shown small improvements in measurements of memory and thinking, but there is no data that show important improvement in behavior and quality of life.

Patients with dementia are less able to make clinical decisions and are less able to cooperate with treatment plans; caregivers play a large role in determining plans of care. Behavioral disturbances (delusions, aggression, depression) can have a profound effect on those around the patient. Inadequate nutrition is common. Exercise program and occupational therapy have been shown to improve everyday life without the side effects seen with many medications.

Caregivers of patients with dementia can suffer significant stress, particularly as cognitive function declines. Respite care and support groups are available in most areas, often through the local agency on aging.

For more information:

Alzheimer's Association at 1-800-272-3900 or on-line.